DAPP本地环境部署

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DAPP

dApp在私有测试区块链环境下的部署过程，过程中使用了他人的智能合约及前端程序。

环境准备

GO环境

访问Golang官网并下载：https://golang.org/doc/install

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https://golang.org/dl/go1.15.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.15.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz # sudo if needed
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

GO <1.13无法从源码安装go-ethereum。

安装geth

  1. 下载go-ethereum:
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    git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
    cd go-ethereum
    make geth # make all
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:<PWD>/build/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

创世

首先要创建一个配置文件，使用puppeth，在加入节点时无需创建此文件，只需要使用第一个节点创建时生成的json文件即可。

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michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain$ mkdir -p ChainSkills/private                                                                                           
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain$ cd ChainSkills/private/
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ puppeth                                                                                            
+-----------------------------------------------------------+                                                                                               
| Welcome to puppeth, your Ethereum private network manager |                                                                                               
|                                                           |                                                                                               
| This tool lets you create a new Ethereum network down to  |                                                                                               
| the genesis block, bootnodes, miners and ethstats servers |                                                                                               
| without the hassle that it would normally entail.         |                                                                                               
|                                                           |                                                                                               
| Puppeth uses SSH to dial in to remote servers, and builds |                                                                                               
| its network components out of Docker containers using the |                                                                                               
| docker-compose toolset.                                   |                                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------+                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                            
Please specify a network name to administer (no spaces, hyphens or capital letters please)                                                                  
> cfca                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                            
Sweet, you can set this via --network=cfca next time!                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                            
INFO [01-21|09:32:09.988] Administering Ethereum network           name=cfca                                                                                
WARN [01-21|09:32:09.988] No previous configurations found         path=/home/michael/.puppeth/cfca                                 
What would you like to do? (default = stats)                                                                                                                
 1. Show network stats                                                                                                                                      
 2. Configure new genesis                                                                                                                                   
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

What would you like to do? (default = create)
 1. Create new genesis from scratch
 2. Import already existing genesis
> 1

Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)
 1. Ethash - proof-of-work
 2. Clique - proof-of-authority
> 1

Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)
> 0x

Should the precompile-addresses (0x1 .. 0xff) be pre-funded with 1 wei? (advisable yes)
> 

Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)
> 6996     
INFO [01-21|09:33:22.523] Configured new genesis block 

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Manage existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

 1. Modify existing configurations
 2. Export genesis configurations
 3. Remove genesis configuration
> 2

Which folder to save the genesis specs into? (default = current)
  Will create cfca.json, cfca-aleth.json, cfca-harmony.json, cfca-parity.json
> 
INFO [01-21|09:34:23.364] Saved native genesis chain spec          path=cfca.json
INFO [01-21|09:34:23.365] Saved genesis chain spec                 client=aleth path=cfca-aleth.json
INFO [01-21|09:34:23.366] Saved genesis chain spec                 client=parity path=cfca-parity.json
INFO [01-21|09:34:23.367] Saved genesis chain spec                 client=harmony path=cfca-harmony.json

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Manage existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> ^C
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ ls
cfca-aleth.json  cfca-harmony.json  cfca.json  cfca-parity.json
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ geth --datadir . init cfca.json 
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.231] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.231] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.231] Set global gas cap                       cap=25000000
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.231] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/michael/blockchain/ChainSkills/private/geth/chaindata cache=16.00MiB handles=16
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.318] Writing custom genesis block 
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.325] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=354 size=50.23KiB time="778.382µs" gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.325] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata hash="747b68…5aa3aa"
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.325] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/michael/blockchain/ChainSkills/private/geth/lightchaindata cache=16.00MiB handles=16
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.452] Writing custom genesis block 
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.467] Persisted trie from memory database      nodes=354 size=50.23KiB time=4.035487ms  gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [01-21|09:42:29.467] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata hash="747b68…5aa3aa"
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$

创建账户

每个节点都可以自己创建账户，加入节点前可自行创建账户，方便挖矿。

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michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ geth --datadir . account new
INFO [01-21|09:43:57.608] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
INFO [01-21|09:43:57.608] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Password: 
Repeat password: 

Your new key was generated

Public address of the key:   0x133ee7568C6a06155Bfd31CCDd9b4ab5e6194702
Path of the secret key file: keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-03.500559011Z--133ee7568c6a06155bfd31ccdd9b4ab5e6194702

- You can share your public address with anyone. Others need it to interact with you.
- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your funds!
- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to access account funds!
- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!

michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ geth --datadir . account new
INFO [01-21|09:44:24.251] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
INFO [01-21|09:44:24.251] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Password: 
Repeat password: 

Your new key was generated

Public address of the key:   0xD7204F8c8dF887dC32C7202FbCEfFA43793eb2AE
Path of the secret key file: keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-26.870996945Z--d7204f8c8df887dc32c7202fbceffa43793eb2ae

- You can share your public address with anyone. Others need it to interact with you.
- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your funds!
- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to access account funds!
- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!

michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ geth --datadir . account new
INFO [01-21|09:44:29.059] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
INFO [01-21|09:44:29.059] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Password: 
Repeat password: 

Your new key was generated

Public address of the key:   0x8454b9158EB7f85A9830Ed40259C3fd39Cbce520
Path of the secret key file: keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-31.766014334Z--8454b9158eb7f85a9830ed40259c3fd39cbce520

- You can share your public address with anyone. Others need it to interact with you.
- You must NEVER share the secret key with anyone! The key controls access to your funds!
- You must BACKUP your key file! Without the key, it's impossible to access account funds!
- You must REMEMBER your password! Without the password, it's impossible to decrypt the key!
michael@michael-ubuntu:~/blockchain/ChainSkills/private$ geth --datadir . account list
INFO [01-21|09:45:22.372] Maximum peer count                       ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
INFO [01-21|09:45:22.372] Smartcard socket not found, disabling    err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
INFO [01-21|09:45:22.372] Set global gas cap                       cap=25000000
Account #0: {133ee7568c6a06155bfd31ccdd9b4ab5e6194702} keystore:///home/michael/blockchain/ChainSkills/private/keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-03.500559011Z--133ee7568c6a06155bfd31ccdd9b4ab5e6194702
Account #1: {d7204f8c8df887dc32c7202fbceffa43793eb2ae} keystore:///home/michael/blockchain/ChainSkills/private/keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-26.870996945Z--d7204f8c8df887dc32c7202fbceffa43793eb2ae
Account #2: {8454b9158eb7f85a9830ed40259c3fd39cbce520} keystore:///home/michael/blockchain/ChainSkills/private/keystore/UTC--2021-01-21T01-44-31.766014334Z--8454b9158eb7f85a9830ed40259c3fd39cbce520

启动

启动第一个节点。

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geth --networkid 6996 --mine --miner.threads 1 --datadir . --nodiscover  --http --http.addr 192.168
.32.69 --http.port 8545 --port 30301 --http.corsdomain "*" --http.api eth,web3,net,personal --ipcpath ~/.ethereum/geth.ipc
# networkid: 与cfca.json中保持一致
# mine: 开始挖矿，观测到默认会使用第一个账户(eth.coinbase == Account #0)
# datadir: 数据目录
# nodiscover: 不开启探测节点
# http: 开启http服务，即JSON-RPC
# http.addr: 指定IP地址，默认监听在127.0.0.1
# http.port: 8545是默认端口
# port: 30301，这个端口还不清楚
# http.corsdomain: CORS设置
# http.api: 在RPC中开启的功能模块
# ipcpath: 指定IPC文件路径，使用`geth attach`时，geth会自动查找~/.ethereum/geth.ipc文件

加入节点

在go-ethereum目录中使用make all进行编译，这样会编译出除了geth之外的工具，如clef，后面会用到。

首先，将上面生成的cfca.json复制到本地，在本地创建一个文件夹来同步区块链数据等：

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mkdir local && cd local
geth --datadir . init cfca.json

创建账户

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geth --datadir . account new

启动clef

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clef --keystore ./keystore/ --http --chainid 6996

执行:
geth attach http://192.168.32.69:8545，连接节点，当然你知道其他节点的话，也可以连接其他节点。

然后在控制台中查看区块链所有节点信息：

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admin.nodeInfo

然后复制enode信息，退出geth，

使用如下命令接入节点：

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geth --datadir . --bootnodes="enode://fa634d5e320df416ca87867bdb4bd4d573422021efead8c9ba84d639d352ad67cac3f8d809b3dd1b316a8eb65b059029b9f24e4f2058870d7b93b15d00197355@192.168.32.69:30301" --networkid 6996 --port 30301 --http --http.po
rt 8545 --mine --miner.threads 1 --signer http://127.0.0.1:8550
# 注意将原来enode信息中的`?disport=0`去掉


命令执行后clef会提示你进行确认。


1处为挖矿之后收取奖励的地址，这里应该跟你创建的第一个账户相同。

部署DAPP

下载源码安装

将智能合约及DAPP部署到本地：

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git clone https://github.com/dappuniversity/eth_swap.git
cd eth_swap
code . # 使用vscode对代码进行部分修改
npm install
npm truffle migrate
npm run start

使用DAPP

浏览器中安装插件metamask，在本文件夹下有提供一个安装包。
使用教程：https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghui-garcia/p/9506721.html

浏览器本身不支持与区块链交互，我们通过浏览器插件metamask实现此功能。插件已上传nas。

metamask账户

有两种方法：

  1. 使用geth创建的账户
  2. 使用metamask创建账户

第一种方法的创建方式见上文。
可在metamask中导入keystore文件夹下的账户，这个过程可能需要5-6分钟，如果浏览器提示插件未响应，请点击等待。
这种方式创建的好处就是可以将之前进行挖矿的账户导入到metamask，这样你的账户中就有一些ETH来做交易了。
如果你还没有挖过矿，账户中没有ETH，可通过geth创建账户并开始挖矿，并导入到metamask中，这样挖到的资产会及时反馈到metamask中。

如果能过第二种方式创建账户的话，需要在geth中导入metamask中生成的账户，会使用到创建账户时的私钥和密码，请注意保存。

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geth account import  --datadir . --password passfile ./key.prv
# passfile: 包含账户密码的文件
# key.prv: 包含私钥的文件

因为我们加入节点时已经开始挖矿了，我们需要做的是将我们探矿的账户导入到metamask中。

首先点击账户，到展开视图中：

选择导入账户：

选择JSON文件：

选择文件，在弹出的文件浏览器中定位到当前目录下的keystore文件夹下，这里就是我们创建的账户的JSON文件，一般选择，输入使用geth创建账户时的密码：

点击导入：

导入过程需要时间，可能会提示这个，点击Wait可等待就好：
v

我大概需要5分钟，导入成功：

为方便识别，我们改个名字：

回到我们的DAPP网站，选择Miner账户：

刷新一下页面就可以看到我们的Miner账户的币了：

我们可以购买100个ETH的ACFC，兑换比例是1：100：

经过确认之后，我们就获得了ACFC币。后面怎么用还没相好。